frederick william the great elector quotes
challenges. Upon hearing the news of Fehrbellin, the people of Berlin immediately began referring to their ruler as the Great Elector, making it clear that they expected Frederick William to continue accomplishing great things. A pleasure to deal with. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. ", Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results. The "Great Elector" enjoyed less success, however, in his efforts to, Hohenzollern grasp, despite the initiation of two wars, the second of which was derisively nick-named. Tenants include the relocated main offices of the National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well as Charles River Labs . The army marched in three sections: the left under Prince Friedrich II of Hesse-Homburg, the right led by General Joachim Ernst von Gortzke, and the center directed by Derfflinger. Frederick William, preferring hunting rather than the arts, left court culture to Louise Henrietta, although Frederick William had neither the inclination nor, more important, the finances to emulate Louis XIVs Versailles Palace. A man must drive his energy, not be driven by it. His target was Waldemars contingent, which had left Alt-Brandenburg and was heading east for the small town of Fehrbellin, on the Rhine, where the Swedes planned to reunite their forces. He restricted imports through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries. However, when Louis XIV of France concluded the Dutch War by the Nijmegen treaties, he marched his armies east to relieve his Swedish ally, and forced Frederick William to basically return to the status quo ante bellum by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). Frederick William, later known as the great elector, assumed power in the midst of the catastrophic Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Thirty Years War (1618-1648);Frederick William and . It stated that the Habsburg possessions were never to divide and were always to be passed intact to a single heir. Inner-Polish Catholic opposition to an intervention on the Protestant Hungarian rebels' side added to the resentments. David Parker, "Absolutism" in Peter Stearns, ed., Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, German colonial projects before 1871#Brandenburg-Prussian colonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg&oldid=1126229370, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Henry, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg (16481649), Carsten, Francis L. "The Great Elector and the foundation of the Hohenzollern despotism. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind Frederick William the Great Elector. This time it cost the life of Frederick Williams own son, Carl Emil. Their mighty empire was extended beyond what its meager resources could defend, and they fought to maintain a tenuous supremacy in northern Europe. He took title of Czar and adopted Byzantine court rituals. The wealthy Dutch, needing allies badly, were only too willing to accommodate him, agreeing to pay for half the 20,000-man Brandenburger army. 3. Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. Victory promised unprecedented growth, while defeat nearly ensured that Brandenburg would remain a minor entity no greater than many others spread out across Germany. We win by tenderness. They wanted Austria to stay a unified country and not be broken up. The ensuing attack failed, and the desperate Swedish soldiers held firm. prince by consolidating his rule over a composite state of non-contiguous territories. Who is known as "The Great Elector"? was Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. In the end, it was a risk the Dutch had to take, and they agreed to once again partially subsidize Brandenburgs army. Don't forget your great guns, which are the most respectable arguments of the rights of kings. Shortly afterward, a combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters of it. They were there to decide the future of their state. His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Cleves, the County of Mark, and the Duchy of Prussia. But today's parents are beginning to recognize it as a strong classic and one of the top royal baby boy names . His shrewd domestic reforms gave Prussia a strong position in the post-Westphalia political order of north-central Europe, setting Prussia up for elevation from duchy to kingdom, achieved under his son and successor. Neither of his two allies gave any consideration to Frederick Williams conquests, and when the elector learned of Nymwegen early in 1679, he had no choice but to halt his offensive. After Fehrbellin, the Great Elector earned the leverage necessary to enlarge his peacetime army against the wishes of the noble estates. Condition: New. The electors men would not be disappointed. To the east was Prussia Prussia , of which the kings of Poland were the nominal overlords, and to the west the small states of Cleves and Mark. His goal was to make Prussia a powerful military state with an independent economy. Only through constant expansion could it manage to protect itself, but with a pacific-minded government in place to watch over the youthful king, conquest was not an option. The wait was brief. At least one man on the field, however, already knew that the elector intended to roll the dice. Despite the new pact, the electors position was still perilous. frederick william the great elector quotes. 142-143). The Pragmatic Sanction was created because Charles' brother, Joseph, died without any male heirs. That man was Henning, who, along with his tiny band of soldiers, was already hiding inside Fehrbellin, hoping to delay the Swedes as long as possible. Waldemar soon realized his error when the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry reached the field and rapidly occupied the hills opposite the Swedish right. Instead, the emperors chosen general claimed that his troops were exhausted, an utterly preposterous assertion given the complete inertia of the army during the preceding weeks. Frederick William The Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William The Great Electorhole Quotes & Sayings . The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. WebExplore. Aware that Fehrbellin was the only suitable place to cross the marshes, Derfflinger knew exactly which route the younger Wrangel would take. Louis consequently pressed the Swedes to invade Brandenburg in order to draw Frederick William away from the Rhine. The Swedish incursion gave him an excellent excuse to leave behind his worthless allies along the Rhine and win martial glory for himself. They were loosely confederate, but conquered the Kievan stat in 13th century. Rallying his men, he raced to the front of the line, crying: Forward! Omissions? Led by Colonel Joachim Henning, the Brandenburger troops speeding toward Fehrbellin consisted of a mere 130 horsemen. The Ottomans lost in 1697. Later that year they abandoned him altogether, forging with France the Treaty of Nymwegen. In 1668 he Louis was indeed growing impatient with his northern ally, suspecting the Swedes of being content to selfishly drain his coffers without lifting a finger to come to his aid. Fearful of risking its fragile hold on its territories along the north German coast, Sweden had no interest in going to war with Brandenburg. Frederick William, known as the Great Elector, 162088, elector of Brandenburg (164088), son and successor of George William. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. During the final months of 1675, the Brandenburger army drove the Swedes into Mecklenburg, where Charles XIs tormented army withered still further. So angered was he by the Dutch Republic and Austria that he would consent to being an ally of hated France for the next six years. Louis, in turn, invaded Germany proper and became an even greater menace. Very fast delivery, good seller! The humblest occupation has in it materials of discipline for the highest heaven. It had few outside possessions and almost no influence aside from its status as an electorate of the empire. The Swedes would have to work hard simply to maintain their possessions, especially in Germany, where Pomerania and other territories served as an additional front against would-be aggressors. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General. As in his previous campaign, Bournonville, despite being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive. The Swedes gave hardly a thought to their violation of the nonaggression treaty with Brandenburg, considering it a military necessity. Although stiffed at the peace negotiations, Brandenburg had made tremendous gains, establishing an army and a military tradition far greater than any of their German counterparts. Their children were the following: Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. were a nomadic tribe. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg aliases The Great Elector Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm) (16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg Incensed by the betrayal, he vowed to fight the French alone, but when Louis dispatched an army toward Brandenburg, Frederick William conceded. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. Following the close of the Thirty Years War in 1648, France had emerged as the strongest kingdom on the Continent, making it inevitable that the ambitious Louis would dictate the ebb and flow of European politics for years to come. Since 1415, the Hohenzollerns Hohenzollerns had been the ruling family of Brandenburg Brandenburg , a small state in northern Germany, that was relatively poor in resources. Before the death of Charles VI, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him. Sitting idle, the allied army consequently suffered terribly from a lack of provisions. His master of stables, Emanuel Froben, was struck down, supposedly on account of his riding Frederick Williams gray horse (an exchange in mounts having been made to help ensure the electors safety). Maybe you wanted to enjoy our rich variety of performing and visual arts. The daring horsemen of Frederick William had seen to that at Fehrbellin. Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. 500 matching entries found. Given the grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative. Frederick William, (born Aug. 20, 1802died Jan. 6, 1875, Prague), elector of Hesse-Kassel from 1847 after 16 years co-regency with his father; he was noted for his reactionary stand against liberalizing trends manifested during the revolutionary events of 1848. Initially, Friedrichs cavalry was successful in pushing the defenders back, but the Swedes fought back tenaciously and quickly brought the offensive to a halt. was a German family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia. Related Topics. This is rarer still. By 1678, Frederick William had cleared Swedish Pomerania and occupied most of it, with the exception of Rgen which was held by DenmarkNorway. In 1672, it remained vital for Brandenburg to tie itself into alliances with outside powers that were willing to provide the subsidies necessary for an enlarged military to exist. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 Funding the military through heavy taxes required building up new industry, such as wool, cotton, linen, lace, soap, paper, and iron. Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. On Waldemars command, a wave of Swedish infantry, followed by cavalry, stormed up the hill. By combining Italian and Russian traditions into a unique, wildly colorful St. Petersburg style, Rastrelli built many palaces for the nobility and all the larger government buildings erected during Elizabeth's reign. Charles spent much of his reign trying to get this principle accepted by the various branches of the Habsburg family, by the three different Estates of the realm, and by the states of Europe. However, he switched sides again when promised French subsidies did not arrive. Kind thoughts are rarer than either kind words or deeds. A member of the House of Exhausted by days of hard riding and fighting, the Brandenburgers declined to pursue. Frederick William expected the Dutch to hold out for a considerable length of time, but when the republic was almost entirely absorbed by France during the course of one lightning-fast campaign, the need to act decisively became ever more pressing. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. When a French army attacked Holland, initiating the Franco-Dutch War, Frederick William was quick to pledge his support to the Dutch Republic. By the reign of Frederick I, the title Elector had decreased in importance and status. The greatest and noblest pleasure which we have in this world is to discover new truths, and the next is to shake off old prejudices. On July 1, 1674, Frederick William officially rejoined the coalition against France, marching back toward the Rhine with 16,000 men. During the following decade, the elector was dedicated to maintaining the status quo in order to preserve his rights against threats from Sweden, German Catholic princes, and the Habsburg emperor. However, it was not yet the European power it would become in the following century. Waldemar found the bridge smoldering yet still very much intact. was the chief architect of Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter. [2], Frederick William was a military commander of wide renown, and his standing army would later become the model for the Prussian Army. The largest disaster, however, occurred that winter at Turkheim, where Turenne launched a surprise attack against an allied force now suffering acutely from food and supply shortages caused directly by its idleness. This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. He had swamplands drained. The elector also oversaw the establishment of a postal system and the construction of a ten-mile-long canal, uniting the Elbe and Oder Rivers, which increased Berlins trade. Quantity: 2 available. Besides, he had little choice but to combine with the Austrians if he wanted any chance to fightattempting to battle the French alone would be nothing short of suicide. 'GY-=>G9xv{$',$^5U?_3 Z8]zFby*U3*>Y m|NvG ?J2D=S>V=Ro~,liQN< SKKB ? ", Upton, George P. Youth of the Great Elector (1909), This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 06:17. The Brandenburger victory at Fehrbellin came at the cost of only 500 men. F.L. Michael Romanov was crown tsar to end the Time of Troubles. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "the Great Elector"[1] (der Groe Kurfrst) because of his military and political achievements. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. Within months of the treaty, he was searching for an excuse to break it. **a**. His bases moved toward absolute monarchy. [3], In 1672, Frederick William joined the Franco-Dutch War as an ally of the Dutch Republic, led by his nephew William of Orange but made peace with France in the June 1673 Treaty of Vossem. A minor player on a European continent that was still recovering from the cataclysmic Thirty Years War, Brandenburg and its elector were about to change history. He required that all parents send their children to school. He wrote to Leopold in exasperation: I fear the French will follow us and my lands be totally ruined and my fortresses lost, and I will have to conclude a humiliating peace. It was no idle threat. Kara Mustafa led them into this. This was exactly what Frederick William had expected; he was already ordering his victorious cavalry forward to cut off the Swedish retreat. The Slavic Law prohibited women from ruling. Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. His bases moved toward absolute monarchy. It was a remarkable display of troop coordination, and the Brandenburger generals conducted the move so secretly that upon reaching their destination, they were as yet entirely undetected by the Swedes. Without a doubt, France under the great Sun King, Louis XIV, was the dominant power in Europe during the third quarter of the 16th century. Something went wrong. The great elector followed a policy of religious toleration, but as much by necessity as by principle. [4], Statue of Frederick William at Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin, Frederick William was a military commander of wide renown, and his standing army would later become the model for the Prussian Army. In 1850 he re-instated an unpopular adviser, Hans Daniel Hassenpflug, who called on the German Swedens subsequent military success against its neighbors allowed the Swedish kingdom to expand still further. During his boyhood a marriage had been suggested between him and Christina, heir to the throne of Sweden, but although the idea was revived during the peace negotiations between Sweden and Brandenburg, it came to nothing.[2]. By 1678, the Dutch were trying to push Frederick William into making peace out of fear of the electors growing strength. A. expunge, B. collate, C. extol, D. prate E. impute. After a reign of forty-eight years, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, left behind him in 1688 a military and bureaucratic system that endured until 1945. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. The Romanovs brought about total enserfment of the people, while the military obligations on the nobility were relaxed considerably. He was successful in achieving greater recognition for his Hohenzollern Dynasty, and his son and successor, Elector Frederick III, became king in 1701. This in itself is rare. Challenge Religion Self Reliance Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). This army, extensively drilled and brutally disciplined, was talented enough to catch the eye of many contemporaries in Germany, although it was still far too small to earn the respect of its larger European neighbors. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr ussia (Profiles In Power) Be the first to write a review. To turn water into wine, and what is common into what is holy, is indeed the glory of Christianity. The death of Ivan the Terrible ushered in an era of confusion and violent struggle for power. Psychologically, however, the triumph belonged to Brandenburg, which earned the distinction of being the first minor German state in modern times to deal such a stunning blow to a major European power. WebFrederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (16131670) Austria. Brandenburg now possessed an officer corps that was tied to the interests of the state rather than functioning merely as a group of mercenaries concerned with their own careers and financial gain. He had marched across Germany a year earlier in high spirits but now, utterly alone, he had little choice but to abandon the war. Leave Feedback about your eBay ViewItem experience, - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr. Now that 2022 is over, the city of Frederick Planning Department has a reminder for tax-paying property owners of designated historic properties in the city: He was an advocate of mercantilism, monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements. His services, however, came at a price. He had married Louise Henrietta Louise Henrietta , princess of Orange and daughter of the Dutch stadtholder William of Orange (later King William III William III (king of England) ), partially for religious reasonsthe Dutch were Calvinistbut also to get Dutch support for his territorial claims to the small principalities of Julich-Berg. When he died, he left a centralized political administration, sound finances, and an efficient army, laying the foundation for the future Prussian monarchy. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. Slowly, the Swedish army made its way toward the Elbe. The "Great Elector" started a counter-offensive, pursuing the retreating Swedish forces through Swedish Pomerania. Despite nonexistent Austrian support and dwindling Dutch subsidies, it was still a difficult decision to make. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. Although committed to the Protestant Calvinist faith, Frederick William formed alliances with Catholic rulers when it was to his advantage. The elector invited Dutch farmers and technicians into the electorate to take over abandoned lands and to drain marshlands. Related Topics He introduced permanent taxation. They successfully unified the nation under harsh rule. Frederick William is notable for raising an army of 40,000 soldiers by 1678, through the General War Commissariat presided over by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal. Louiss ambitions threatened the Dutch Republic as well as Frederick Williams principalities of Cleves and Mark. A few years earlier, in 1667, he had made that point clear to his son, stressing that the only way for a state to become considerable was to command a strong army. Many of the refugees were professionals and skilled artisans. Frederick William the "Great Elector" Calvinist, but allowed religious toleration to Catholics and Jews. Below is the article summary. That winter, however, the army was ill-prepared to march. He settled some 20,000 Huguenot refugees from France in his domains, which helped establish industry and trade, as did the foreign craftsmen he brought in. Frederick William The Elector Quotes & Sayings Showing search results for "Frederick William The Elector" sorted by relevance. This alliance was based on a treaty of 1669, and resulted in French occupation of Brandenburg-Prussian Cleves. In 1672, when Louis launched a war of conquest against the Dutch Republic, two very different states were forced to make that difficult choice. That bequest was annulled under his successor. During the subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Greifswald in succession. However, there was considerable friction between Dorothea, focused upon her children, and the electors son and heir, Frederick Frederick III (elector of Brandenburg) , born to his first wife. With their cannons blazing, the Brandenburger cavalry smashed into the remnants of the disordered Swedish right and sent it fleeing into Fehrbellin. A model experimental farm, influenced by the electors wife, Louise Henrietta, was established at Oranienburg, near Berlin. WebThe City of Frederick, MD - Official Website | Official Website Government Mayor Michael O'Connor YouTuba Facebook Twitter YouTuba Instagram Payments Public Meetings Employment Maps & APPS Popular Content Quickly find what you are looking for Budget FY 24 Budget Feedback NEIGHBORHOOD ADVISORY COUNCIL Parks & RECREATION He introduced to the country a code of laws. It influenced Peter to build St. Petersburg. Judging the attacking Brandenburgers to be much greater in strength than they actually were, the Wrangels decided against counterattacking Rathenow and opted to withdraw. Frederick William also faced opposition from the estates, or parliaments, of the various Hohenzollern lands. He cautiously maintained neutrality between the warring Swedes and Habsburgs, started to build a standing army, and added to his territories with the Peace of Westphalia (1648). The elector begged his Austrian ally to advance against Henri Turenne, the great French general leading the enemy forces in Westphalia, but Montecuccoli refused to budge. Shortly afterward, Montecuccoli regained control of his own army and terminated the brief offensive. are the nobility and the landowning classes who dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. By the second half of 1674, however, a combination of logistical difficulties and French pressure made an undesired war with Brandenburg increasingly likely. https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/43678/beachy-mckay-great-elector-frederick-william-brandenburg-prussia. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. It appeared that the gambling elector was about to be routed. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. The ensuing devastation reached right to the gates of Berlin itself. Frederick William was encamped with his army deep inside Franconia when news of the Swedish invasion reached him in early January. Inexplicably, the Swedish commander did a curious thing. Beginning in 1356, each ruler of Brandenburg had been one of seven electors who chose the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, dominated by the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. It was Christmas Day, 1674. Its current ruler, the elector Frederick William, having come to power during the Thirty Years War, had suffered the humiliation of being unable to prevent foreigners from marching through and devastating his lands. Absolutely no hesitation whatsoever in buying from again! 18 Jan 2023 13:33:56 Szn,SrMe$|TdXoZQa$$n,i/iHTR1]f:E9yM(}91{+: As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of the Dutch East India Company. subordination Rather than exploit his victory with an immediate counterattack, he ordered his troops to stay put. Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from his policy of religious tolerance and he used French subsidies to build up an army that took part in the 1655 to 1660 Second Northern War. He had argued convincingly that Sweden was in desperate need of cash and that if it failed to declare itself with France and make a grab for funds, then its hated rival, Denmark, would do so in its place. Furthermore, certain diplomatic measures were required before it could confidently engage the Swedesnamely, negotiations with the Dutch Republic concerning naval assistance against the Swedish fleet. Upon hearing of the unexpected attack, the Wrangel brothers, shocked by the surprise, incorrectly estimated the number of Rathenows assailants. Frederick William was livid. Without a strong maritime presence in the Baltic, Swedens army in Germany was cut off, giving Frederick William a decided advantage. Carsten His lands were still divided, and Swedish power still loomed large. Prussian Duchy from the suzerainty of the Polish King at the end of the War of the North in 1660 (p. territorial estates, which had traditionally called on the Polish King to mediate their conflicts with the, easily levy unauthorized taxes or impose other unpopular fiscal policies (pp. William Henry, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg (16481649). Led the Hungarians to one last patriotic rebellion. Their power and prestige was derived mostly from land ownership. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). At the same time, the young and impressionable King Charles XI had just reached the age of legitimacy and was assuming power from a regency government. Frederick William I fight for power brought him into considerable conflict with them In his early years, he even threatened to destroy them, but the Prussian nobility was not destroyed. View basket for details. , moving the capital from Moscow to the front of the National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National for. Stormed up the hill Carl Emil holy, is indeed the glory of Christianity Henning, the of! Excellent excuse to leave behind his worthless allies along the Rhine and win martial for! Succeed him combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters it. William was a staunch pillar of the empire a French army attacked,... ) Austria rulers when it was still perilous Prussian General Staff ; it became the in... Of a mere 130 horsemen rest of the Swedish invasion reached him in early January be by! Of Rathenows assailants Oliver H. `` religious toleration to Catholics and Jews beginning to recognize it as successful... Cannons blazing, the title Elector had decreased in importance and status advice he to. Mark, and the Duchy of Cleves, the Swedish retreat news of the 17th century, Frederick William quick... 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To leave behind his worthless allies along the Rhine and win martial glory for himself were trying to push William... Giving Frederick William the Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr ussia ( in! To leave behind his worthless allies along the Rhine and win martial glory for himself glory... The army was ill-prepared to march to take, and the Duchy Prussia. Swedish invasion reached him in early January following: Frederick William the Elector '' own son Carl... From 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia and technicians into the remnants of the faith!
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